Thanks to websites like Pinterest, Hometalk, Etsy, & a huge variety of independent blogs, there is no shortage of creative, thrifty, crafty ideas for home decor. 

The underside of a dining table is usually unfinished wood--a perfect blank canvas. Remove a few screws & flip your table top so that the underside becomes the new top side.  You can stain it or paint it or both. Then, prime & paint the legs.  Finally, distress it all with whatever you have laying around--sand paper, a hammer, a wire brush, etc. You can use a wipe on polyurethane or quick dry sealer to add durability, but the beauty of this style of table is that the more wear it endures, the better it looks. 

IKEA often has large pieces of wood & foam in their As-Is section. You can find the size you need, cover it in foam & fabric with a staple gun.  Then, just use shelving brackets to attach the headboard to the bedframe.

If you like the look of nailhead trim, you can press thumbtacks into the foam around the front border of the new headboard.

This entire project costs under $20 with all supplies & takes about an hour.